In short
- IDEA is the federal law that gives eligible children with disabilities the right to a free appropriate public education.
- Families can ask the school, in writing, to evaluate a child for special education.
- An IEP is a written plan describing a child’s goals, services, and supports. Parents are members of the IEP team.
What IDEA does
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires public schools to provide eligible children with disabilities a free appropriate public education, in the least restrictive environment appropriate for them. The U.S. Department of Education publishes plain-language information for parents and families.
Requesting an evaluation
- Put your request in writing, date it, and keep a copy.
- Describe what you are seeing at home and school, and include any outside evaluations you want considered.
- Ask the school to explain the evaluation timeline and what tests will be used.
- You can ask questions at any stage. If you disagree with results, ask the school about your options.
What an IEP is
An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a written plan for a student who qualifies for special education. It typically describes how the student is doing now, measurable goals, the services and supports the school will provide, and how progress will be tracked. The IEP is reviewed at least once a year.
Taking part in IEP meetings
- Bring notes on your child’s strengths, interests, and what helps them — not only challenges.
- Ask how each goal will be measured and how often you will hear about progress.
- It is fine to ask for time to review a draft before agreeing to it.
- Where appropriate, include the student. Self-advocacy grows with practice.
Planning for the future
As students get older, IEPs include planning for life after high school. Vocational rehabilitation services can help young people with disabilities prepare for work; see our Transition & Independence topic for more.
Practical next steps
- Read the Department of Education’s IDEA information for parents and families.
- Write a dated evaluation request to your school district and keep a copy.
- Prepare a one-page summary of your child’s strengths and needs for meetings.
When to contact a qualified professional
- Your written request for an evaluation has gone unanswered, or you disagree with an evaluation or IEP decision — your state's Parent Training and Information Center (see Sources) can explain your options at no cost.
- Your child is regularly sent home, restrained, secluded or excluded from class — request a meeting in writing and ask for the school's records.
- Questions involve legal rights or formal disputes — consider contacting a qualified special-education advocate or attorney. ABMC does not provide legal advice.
Common questions
- Should requests to the school be in writing?
- Writing creates a dated record. A short, polite email or letter stating what you are asking for, such as an evaluation, is usually enough. Keep a copy.
- Can I bring someone to an IEP meeting?
- Families commonly bring a support person, such as a relative, friend or advocate. Let the school know in advance as a courtesy.
- What if my child does not qualify for an IEP?
- Ask the school to explain the decision in writing and whether other supports, such as a Section 504 plan, could apply. Your Parent Center can help you understand the difference.